Colorectal Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

Do you know that colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer worldwide? In fact, the incidence rate of this deadly disease is constantly rising and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths.

Colorectal cancer is often known as the “silent killer” as it is present with no noticeable or troublesome symptoms in the initial stage until it’s too late for patients. It generally begins as a benign or non-cancerous growth in the colon or rectum, which gradually turns cancerous and spreads to the nearby organs as well as lymph nodes in the abdomen.

However, the good news is that with early detection and timely colorectal cancer surgery, it is possible to diagnose the disease and increase the survival chance of patients.

In this blog, we will discuss the symptoms, causes and treatment options of colorectal cancer to help you have an idea about the disease and the importance of screening.

Colorectal Cancer: An Overview

Colorectal cancer develops as polyps either in the colon or the rectum’s lining (both of which are part of the large intestine). Together, colon and rectal cancer are known as “colorectal cancer” because they have similar characteristics and are part of the same organ system.

Though the tumours are mostly non-cancerous in the preliminary stage, they grow uncontrollably over time, ultimately leading to metastasis.

Previously, colorectal cancer was thought to affect people who are above 50 years old. However, recent studies indicate an alarming rise in this type of cancer in the younger generation. Hence, oncologists advise individuals to go for early screening if they experience any unusual signs in the body.

Symptoms Associated

According to Dr. Purnendu Bhowmik, a well-known surgeon who has performed several complicated cancer surgeries, the following are some of the warning signs that patients should take note of.

• Changes in the bowel movements, such as persistent diarrhoea and constipation.
• Blood in the stool
• Severe abdominal pain, bloating, or cramps
• Extreme fatigue and weakness
• Sudden weight loss

If you have been experiencing these symptoms for quite a long time, don’t delay in seeking treatment. Go for cancer screening and get yourself checked.

Causes of Colorectal Cancer

There are a number of factors that contribute to the development of the disease. Here are some of the potential causes.

• Age, especially if you are above 50 years.
• A diet rich in processed food, low in fibre, fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
• Excessive intake of alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
• Unchecked chronic inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
• Family or personal history of polyps.
• Leading a sedentary lifestyle with a lack of physical activities.
• Being too overweight or obese
• Genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Different Treatment Options for Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer surgery is the standard treatment to remove the cancer cells. In patients with advanced disease, surgery is also performed to eliminate metastatic lesions.

Depending on the stage and severity of the cancer, there might be a need to remove the colon, which involves the excision of an ascending colon (right hemicolectomy ), descending colon (left hemicolectomy) or sigmoid colon (sigmoid resection).

If the cancerous cells have started to spread, the corresponding organs or the surrounding lymph nodes are also removed.

In addition to surgical intervention, patients are also suggested chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy before or after the surgery to shrink the cancer cells.

Conclusion

Colorectal cancer is a serious disease; however, doctors and healthcare researchers are taking significant steps to improve its prognosis. By being aware, going for early detection and following preventive measures, the burden of colorectal cancer can be reduced to a great extent.